Questions about ThreeFold

What is ThreeFold and what is its core mission?

ThreeFold is a DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network) system designed to scale to a planetary level. Its core mission is to provide:

"Internet Infrastructure for Everyone by Everyone, Everywhere"

With these foundational principles:

100% Uptime: Infrastructure designed for continuous availability
Shortest Path Communication: Any machine and human can communicate over optimal routes
Decentralization: Infrastructure owned and operated by many rather than few corporations
Sustainability: Energy-efficient design with minimal environmental impact
Compatibility: Works with AI, Cloud, Web2, Web3, and builds toward Web4

ThreeFold aims to rebuild the internet's foundations to make it more reliable, safe, private, scalable, and sustainable—addressing fundamental flaws in current centralized infrastructure.

What are the primary problems with the current internet infrastructure that ThreeFold aims to solve?

ThreeFold addresses several critical problems with current internet infrastructure:

1. Centralization Risks

The digital world is controlled by a few corporations (Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta)
This creates extreme vulnerability and compromises autonomy
Single points of failure can disrupt billions of users
Corporate gatekeepers can restrict access or censor content

2. Economic Loss of GDP

The internet has become GDP-negative for many nations
Resources are funneled out of local economies to global tech giants
Developing countries lose billions annually to centralized platforms
Example: Tanzania loses $10 billion/year to centralized systems
Booking sites charge high commissions instead of benefiting local economies

3. Outdated Infrastructure

TCP/IP was designed in the 1970s for simple academic networks
Never designed for modern needs: dynamic networks, security, session management
Creates inefficiencies, security vulnerabilities, and waste
Layer-based architecture adds unnecessary complexity

4. Environmental and Economic Inefficiency

Over 70% of the world relies on distant infrastructure
Data travels unnecessarily long distances, wasting energy
Local resources underutilized; distant resources overutilized
Results in expensive, unreliable, and dependent systems
Incompatible with sustainability goals

5. Limited Access

Over 50% of the world lacks decent internet access
Centralized infrastructure widens economic gaps
Remote regions cannot access essential digital services
Creates digital divide between wealthy and developing nations

6. Cyberpandemic

Intelligence agencies have embedded backdoors into systems
AI and quantum computing make traditional security obsolete
Centralized systems increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated attacks
Need for fundamental rethinking of digital security

7. Jurisdictional Vulnerability

Countries dependent on foreign infrastructure lack sovereignty
External entities can restrict access or enforce geopolitical pressure
No control over data placement or application deployment
Regulatory compliance becomes impossible

How does ThreeFold propose to address the risks associated with centralization?

ThreeFold addresses centralization through a comprehensive, multi-layered approach:

1. Decentralized Infrastructure

Building a distributed network of MyNodes owned by individuals and organizations globally
Infrastructure operates without central control points or administrative authorities
Thousands of independent operators collectively provide internet capacity
No single entity can control or shut down the network

2. Local Control and Ownership

Enabling countries and communities to own and control their digital infrastructure
Data remains under control of users or local entities through geo-awareness
Organizations can deploy their own nodes instead of depending on external providers
Regional operators can maintain local infrastructure independently

3. Elimination of Single Points of Failure

Distributed architecture prevents network-wide outages from single failures
Multiple independent paths ensure connectivity persists despite disruptions
Self-healing infrastructure automatically adapts to failures
Resilience increases with each new participating node

4. Data Sovereignty

Ensuring data remains under control of users or local jurisdictions
Geo-aware storage enables precise control over data location
Regulatory compliance becomes possible through localized deployment
Users decide where their information is physically stored

5. Autonomous Operation

Self-healing systems operate without human intervention
Minimal administrative overhead compared to centralized systems
Automated management agents handle routine operations
Reduces dependency on specialized expertise

6. Distributed Ownership Model

Anyone can become an infrastructure provider through running nodes
Democratizes internet infrastructure access and benefits
Removes monopolies on infrastructure provision
Creates economic opportunities for widespread participation

7. Technical Architecture

Mycelium Network: Peer-to-peer overlay with no central routing
Quantum Safe Storage: Distributed storage without central repositories
ZOS: Self-healing operating system requiring minimal administration
Smart Contracts for IT: Cryptographic verification prevents unauthorized control

What are the main architectural layers that constitute the ThreeFold infrastructure?

ThreeFold infrastructure consists of several interconnected architectural layers:

1. Decentralized Infrastructure Layers

These form the foundation of the system:

Unbreakable Network Layer (Mycelium Network)
- End-to-end encrypted IPv6 overlay network
- Provides robust connectivity with resilience to failures and attacks
- Dynamic shortest-path routing optimization
- Multi-protocol support (TCP, QUIC, UDP, satellite, wireless)
- Distributed name services for decentralized addressing
Quantum Safe Storage Layer
- Decentralized, reliable, and secure data storage
- Mathematical encoding instead of replication (20% overhead vs. 400%)
- Zero-knowledge design prevents storage nodes from accessing data
- Self-healing and bitrot protection
- Petabyte-to-zetabyte scalability

Together, these layers form the "Unbreakable Cloud Engine" ensuring continuity and reliability.

2. Geo-Fenced AI (Geomind AI)

AI functionalities tied to geographical and jurisdictional contexts
Ensures secure and compliant operations across borders
Delivered by commercial partners with enterprise support
Respects data residency and regulatory requirements

3. Interconnected MyNodes

The foundation of the infrastructure
Individual computers running ZOS (Zero Operating System)
Each node combines compute, storage, and networking capabilities
Collectively form resilient, scalable, decentralized infrastructure
Deployed globally by hosters and organizations

4. ZOS Compute Layer

Stateless, self-healing operating system
Minimal architecture for autonomous operation
Supports Docker, Kubernetes, VMs, and Linux workloads
MyImage technology for efficient deployment
Smart Contract for IT for deterministic deployment

5. Application & Service Layer

Deployed applications and services running on ZOS
Can be Web2, Web3, or Web4 compatible
Access through Mycelium Network
Hosted in isolated, secure environments

6. Marketplace & Coordination Layer

Decentralized marketplace connecting hosters and users
Smart contracts govern resource allocation
Transparent pricing and payment mechanisms
Community governance structures

How do the Decentralized Infrastructure Layers (Network and Storage) contribute to ThreeFold's resilience?

The two decentralized infrastructure layers work together to create extraordinary resilience:

Network Layer Resilience

The Mycelium Network contributes resilience through:

Eliminating Single Points of Failure
- Distributed peer-to-peer architecture with no central routing
- Multiple independent paths between any two nodes
- System-wide outages impossible without simultaneous multi-node failures
- Resilience increases with each added network participant
Unbreakable Network Design
- Automatically discovers alternate paths when primary routes fail
- Reroutes around congestion, failures, or censorship
- Multi-protocol operation (TCP, QUIC, UDP, satellite)
- Continues operating even when portions of internet are disrupted
Automatic Failover
- No manual intervention required when failures occur
- System dynamically adapts to changing network conditions
- Traffic automatically reroutes through optimal available paths
- Maintains session continuity despite individual link failures

Storage Layer Resilience

The Quantum Safe Storage contributes resilience through:

Mathematical Distribution
- Data fragmented into equations distributed across multiple nodes
- Requires only subset of fragments to reconstruct original data (16/4: need 16 of 20)
- Can tolerate loss of multiple storage nodes simultaneously
- No single storage provider failure affects data accessibility
Self-Healing Architecture
- Continuous monitoring detects missing or corrupted fragments
- Automatically regenerates fragments from surviving equations
- No human intervention required for recovery
- System maintains redundancy level autonomously
Bitrot Protection
- Detects natural data degradation in storage media
- Automatically corrects corruption before data becomes inaccessible
- Ensures data integrity over years or decades
- Prevents silent data corruption

Combined Resilience ("Unbreakable Cloud Engine")

Network and Storage layers work together:

No Cascading Failures: Failure in one layer doesn't cascade to others
Geographic Redundancy: Data and routing distributed across locations
Path Optimization: Network layer routes around failed storage nodes
Autonomous Recovery: Both layers self-heal without human action
Planetary Scale: Resilience increases as network grows

Practical Example

If a datacenter or region experiences disaster:

Network layer automatically reroutes traffic around affected area
Storage layer regenerates fragments on remaining nodes
Applications remain accessible through alternate paths
Data remains intact despite infrastructure failure
No manual recovery procedures required
Service remains continuous during entire recovery

This architecture creates resilience impossible in centralized systems where failure typically causes complete outage.

How does the concept of Geo-Fenced (GeoAwareness) enhance security and compliance within ThreeFold?

Geo-awareness represents a fundamental shift in how digital systems respect physical reality, enhancing both security and compliance:

Shortest Physical Path Communication

Data travels the shortest physical distance rather than following arbitrary routing policies
Reduces latency and energy consumption by eliminating unnecessary long-distance transmissions
Improves efficiency by respecting geographic reality
Example: Two users in same city connect directly rather than routing through distant datacenters

Data Autonomy and Integrity

Users decide exactly where their data is physically stored
Data remains incorruptible and accessible only to authorized parties
Geographic placement can respect jurisdictional boundaries
Users retain complete control over data location decisions
Prevents unauthorized access through physical location control

Resilient Functionality

Applications remain operational even during internet outages in other regions
Local infrastructure continues serving users even if distant infrastructure fails
Localized systems can operate independently
Most services remain available even during major disruptions
Example: Regional users maintain connectivity even if global internet is partially down

Control Over Applications and AI

Users decide where their applications operate geographically
Personal AI agents can be hosted in preferred locations
Avoids forced reliance on distant or foreign infrastructure
Enables compliance with local laws and regulations
Users maintain full sovereignty over their digital footprint

Transparent Deployment

Users know exactly which code or application is deployed where
Prevents tampering through cryptographic verification
Enables independent verification of deployment integrity
Provides audit trail for compliance requirements
Prevents unauthorized modifications

Jurisdictional Compliance

GDPR: European data remains in Europe
Data Residency Laws: Comply with country-specific requirements
Regulatory Requirements: Meet legal obligations for data location
Tax Compliance: Data location supports regulatory frameworks
Sovereignty: National infrastructure enables local control

Localized Control

Empowers countries with localized infrastructure control
Enables national digital sovereignty
Prevents external entities from controlling national infrastructure
Supports economic independence
Respects geopolitical boundaries in digital infrastructure

Comparison with Centralized Systems

Aspect	Centralized Cloud	ThreeFold Geo-Aware
Data Location	Decided by provider	Decided by user
Routing	Business policy driven	Physically optimized
Compliance	Often impossible	Built-in support
Resilience	Single point of failure	Regional independence
Sovereignty	Lost to provider	Maintained by user
Control	Corporate	Individual/national

Practical Security Benefit

Traditional security assumes threats come from outside (perimeter defense). Geo-awareness adds:

Geographic verification of who has access to data
Physical security through location control
Elimination of distant unaccountable infrastructure
Regulatory compliance through geography
Resilience through localized redundancy

Describe the function and importance of MyNodes in building the ThreeFold ecosystem

MyNodes are the fundamental building blocks of the entire ThreeFold ecosystem:

Core Functions

Each MyNode combines three critical capabilities:

Compute Capacity
- Processing power for running applications
- Container and virtual machine execution
- Support for Kubernetes orchestration
- Web2, Web3, and AI workload support
Storage Capacity
- Distributed data storage participation
- Fragment storage for Quantum Safe Storage
- Caching and local storage options
- Integration with decentralized file systems
Networking Capability
- Participation in Mycelium Network overlay
- Routing traffic between network participants
- End-to-end encryption support
- Name service participation

Collective Infrastructure

MyNodes collectively form the physical backbone:

Global Network: Thousands of nodes distributed across 30+ countries
Decentralized Ownership: Each node operated independently by hosters
Resilient Architecture: No central control or single point of failure
Scalable Growth: Performance and capacity increase with each added node
Economic Model: Hosters earn income by sharing resources

Democratizing Infrastructure Provision

MyNodes enable unprecedented infrastructure democratization:

Anyone Can Participate: Individuals and organizations can become infrastructure providers
Low Barrier to Entry: Standard hardware sufficient for node operation
Economic Opportunity: Create income stream by contributing resources
Global Distribution: Infrastructure deployed where users are located
Eliminates Middlemen: Direct connection between infrastructure providers and users

Autonomous Operation

MyNodes operate with minimal human intervention:

Self-Healing Architecture: Automatically detect and correct failures
Zero OS: Stateless operating system requiring no installation
Autonomous Agents: Intelligent systems handle routine operations
Minimal Maintenance: Reduced operational overhead compared to traditional servers
Resilient Defaults: System designed to handle disruptions automatically

Cryptographic Proof Capabilities

MyNodes implement advanced security features:

Proof of Data Storage: Cryptographically prove data storage without revealing content
Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Verify integrity without accessing complete data
Deterministic Deployment: Cryptographic verification of application deployment
Immutable Records: Blockchain integration for audit trails

Federation and Autonomy

Geographic deployment enables federation:

Regional Independence: Each region operates own nodes while interconnected
Local Governance: Communities control local infrastructure
Global Connectivity: Regions remain connected through Mycelium Network
Scalable Federation: Multiple independent regions form single network
Jurisdictional Compliance: Each region can enforce local rules

Economic Model

MyNodes enable the ThreeFold economic ecosystem:

Farmer Revenue: Income from renting node capacity
User Access: Affordable access to distributed infrastructure
Market-Driven Pricing: Hosters set pricing within defined ranges
Token Economics: Integration with TFT and marketplace token systems
Sustainable Growth: Economic incentives drive network expansion

Capacity Contribution

Current and projected capacity:

Current Status: 30,000+ vCPU deployed across thousands of nodes
Global Distribution: Nodes in 30+ countries spanning multiple continents
Continuous Growth: Network expanding organically as hosters join
Proven Reliability: Years of production operation demonstrating stability
Future Scaling: Roadmap targets orders of magnitude growth

Foundation for Web4

MyNodes serve as foundation for Web4 development:

Decentralized Applications: Enable true Web3/Web4 applications
Personal AI Agents: Infrastructure for private AI deployment
Data Sovereignty: Support for user-controlled data and applications
Augmented Collective Intelligence: Enable new forms of human-AI collaboration
Interoperable Services: Support diverse protocols and standards

The Critical Importance

Without MyNodes, ThreeFold would be purely theoretical. MyNodes represent:

Proof of Concept: Demonstrated feasibility of decentralized infrastructure
Real Value Creation: Actual users running actual workloads
Economic Viability: Hosters earning real income
Technical Validation: Technology proven in production environments
Global Reach: Infrastructure existing where users actually are
Foundation for Future: Base upon which Web4 ecosystem will be built

MyNodes transform ThreeFold from a vision into a functioning, growing global infrastructure network.

What are the key distinguishing features of ThreeFold compared to traditional cloud providers?

ThreeFold differs from traditional cloud providers in fundamental architectural and operational ways:

Feature	ThreeFold	Traditional Cloud (AWS/Google/Azure)
Ownership	Distributed, farmer-operated	Corporate, centralized
Architecture Model	Peer-to-peer, no central control	Centralized with admin control planes
Control Plane	Distributed ledger, Smart Contracts	Centralized company systems
OS Deployment	Stateless network boot, no installation	Image-based deployment with local installation
Workload Isolation	Enhanced via dedicated VMs	Variable approaches
Image Management	Zero-Image (MyImage) with deduplication	Monolithic images with redundancy
Image Size	~2MB metadata	~2GB full image
Deployment Speed	10-100x faster	Traditional speed
Deployment Model	Deterministic, cryptographically verified	Dynamic configuration
Integrity Verification	Cryptographic verification of all components	Limited or no verification
Update Model	Modular rolling updates, decentralized	Centralized, batch updates
Resource Allocation	Smart Contract for IT (blockchain-based)	Centralized orchestration (Kubernetes)
Management Architecture	Autonomous agents, minimal human intervention	Centralized teams, specialized expertise
Scalability	Horizontal without bottlenecks	Limited by control plane
Hardware Utilization	Filesystem deduplication	Image redundancy
Security Design	Reduced attack surface, no shell access	Larger surface area
System State	Stateless (state in grid storage)	Local state management
Operational Model	Self-healing, autonomous	Active management required
Energy Efficiency	Up to 10x more efficient	Standard efficiency
Cost	Can be 3x less expensive	Premium pricing
Data Sovereignty	User/local control	Corporate control
Compliance	Supports GDPR, data residency	Often difficult to comply
Vendor Lock-in	Open standards, minimal lock-in	High lock-in
Geographic Control	Geo-aware, user-selected placement	Limited geographic control
Network	Mycelium (end-to-end encrypted overlay)	Internet + corporate network

Architectural Advantages

ThreeFold's architectural differences create tangible benefits:

Decentralization Benefit: No single entity controls the infrastructure
Simplicity Benefit: Minimal complexity reduces operational burden
Efficiency Benefit: Optimized design reduces resource waste
Security Benefit: Cryptographic verification prevents tampering
Autonomy Benefit: Self-healing reduces need for expertise
Cost Benefit: Reduced operational overhead lowers costs
Resilience Benefit: Distributed design prevents single points of failure

Real-World Impact

These differences translate to practical advantages:

Faster Scaling: Deploy new capacity in minutes instead of days
Lower Costs: 3x cost reduction for equivalent services
Better Performance: Geo-aware routing reduces latency
Greater Privacy: End-to-end encryption on network and storage
True Decentralization: No hidden centralization points
Regulatory Compliance: Support for strict data sovereignty requirements
Operational Simplicity: Less expertise required for operation
Environmental Impact: Significant energy and carbon reduction

In what ways does ThreeFold align with the principles and vision of Web 4?

ThreeFold is architected as the infrastructure foundation for Web 4, aligning with its core principles:

1. Decentralization

Creating a distributed infrastructure owned by many rather than few corporations
Eliminating central control points that gatekeep access or services
Enabling peer-to-peer interactions without intermediaries
Supporting true ownership and autonomy for all participants
Building infrastructure for genuine digital independence

2. Data Sovereignty

Ensuring individuals have ownership and control over personal information
Enabling users to decide where data is stored and who accesses it
Implementing geo-aware storage respecting jurisdictional boundaries
Supporting data residency requirements and regulatory compliance
Preventing corporate monopolies on data

3. Autonomy

Enabling self-sovereign digital identities
Supporting personal AI agents that operate independently
Allowing users to control their digital presence and interactions
Reducing dependency on external services for critical functions
Empowering individuals with genuine digital agency

4. Geo-Awareness

Respecting physical and jurisdictional boundaries in the digital realm
Optimizing data and compute placement based on geography
Supporting regional independence and local sovereignty
Enabling efficient resource utilization based on proximity
Aligning digital systems with real-world geography

5. Collective Intelligence

Building toward augmented collective intelligence rather than artificial replacement
Integrating AI with human wisdom and decision-making
Supporting collaborative problem-solving at scale
Enabling shared decision-making through decentralized governance
Enhancing human capabilities through technology

6. Transparency and Trust

Fostering a culture of transparency in all operations
Implementing accountability through immutable records
Enabling independent verification of system operations
Promoting trust through openness and verifiability
Building systems that don't require blind faith

7. Inclusivity

Working to bridge the digital divide
Making technology accessible to all, not just wealthy nations
Supporting those in remote or underserved areas
Creating economic opportunities for global participation
Enabling democratic access to digital infrastructure

8. Sustainability

Creating energy-efficient infrastructure (10x improvement)
Reducing environmental impact of digital services
Supporting green infrastructure deployment
Aligning digital growth with planetary health
Enabling sustainable technology adoption

9. Human-Centric Design

Focusing on technology that serves humanity
Protecting human agency and autonomy
Supporting human flourishing and wellbeing
Preventing technology from controlling or exploiting users
Designing systems around human needs, not corporate interests

10. Interoperability

Supporting diverse protocols and standards
Enabling communication across different systems
Preventing vendor lock-in through open standards
Supporting both Web2 and Web3 compatibility
Building bridges between different technology ecosystems

Practical Implementation

ThreeFold enables Web 4 through:

Personal AI Agents

Running on user-controlled infrastructure
Processing information without exposing to corporate servers
Representing individual interests in digital interactions
Operating with user privacy and autonomy as defaults

Decentralized Applications

Running on distributed infrastructure
Free from corporate platform gatekeeping
Operating under community governance
Supporting true peer-to-peer interactions

Sovereign Digital Identity

Users own and control their digital identity
No central authority required for verification
Cryptographic proof replaces corporate intermediaries
Supporting privacy by design

Community Governance

Infrastructure operated by community members
Decisions made through democratic processes
Revenue distributed fairly to participants
Local control over local infrastructure

The Web 4 Vision in Action

Web 4 represents evolution toward technology that:

Serves humanity rather than extracting value
Respects individual autonomy and agency
Distributes power and benefits widely
Operates sustainably and efficiently
Supports human flourishing

ThreeFold provides the infrastructure foundation making this vision technically possible and practically achievable.

What real-world applications and deployments demonstrate ThreeFold's impact and adoption?

ThreeFold has demonstrated real-world impact through diverse applications and global deployments:

Global Infrastructure Deployment

Geographic Reach: Active in 30+ countries across multiple continents
Scale: 30,000+ vCPU deployed and operational
Growth: Continuous expansion as more hosters join ecosystem
Proven Reliability: Multiple years of production operation
Real Users: Actual organizations running actual workloads

Education & Learning at Scale

Sikana/Indaba Platform: Education platform delivering essential life skills
- Global Reach: 2+ billion courses delivered to users worldwide
- Current Capacity: 200,000 visitors per hour sustained
- Content Library: 40+ million curated educational pieces
- Infrastructure: Hosted on ThreeFold infrastructure
- Impact: Accessible education for underserved populations

Container & Application Support

Docker Compatibility: Support for standard Docker containers
- Enables developers to use familiar tools and processes
- Reduces learning curve for ecosystem adoption
- Supports existing containerized applications
- Provides flexibility for development teams
Kubernetes Deployment: Full Kubernetes support
- Enterprise-grade orchestration on distributed infrastructure
- Scalable application deployment and management
- Industry-standard tooling and practices
- Advanced workload management capabilities

Sovereign Infrastructure Deployments

National Infrastructure Projects: Agreements with countries for sovereign digital infrastructure
- Enabling digital independence from foreign entities
- Supporting government services and operations
- Protecting national data and applications
- One country has signed for national-scale deployment

Digital Zones & Economic Development

Sovereign Digital Zone: Established zone for digital innovation
- Supporting entrepreneurs and businesses
- Enabling regulatory innovation
- Creating digital economic hubs
- Demonstrating practical Web4 implementation
Cybercity Development: 700,000 m² innovation hub
- Integrating physical and digital infrastructure
- Supporting 7,500 people in co-living/co-working space
- Combining real estate with digital sovereignty
- Creating model for sustainable digital communities

Enterprise & Commercial Adoption

GeoMind Datacenters: Commercial implementation
- Tier-S and Tier-H professional datacenters
- SLA-backed enterprise services
- 24/7 professional operations
- Bringing enterprise customers into ecosystem
Commercial Partners: Various commercial entities deploying infrastructure
- Cloud service providers
- Telecom operators
- IT integrators
- Enterprise customers

Technology Validation

Production-Grade Reliability: Years of stable operation proving feasibility
Performance Demonstration: Real-world performance metrics under production loads
Scalability Proof: Demonstrated scaling from edge nodes to datacenters
Security Validation: Cryptographic verification working in production

Emerging Applications

Web3 Integration: Support for blockchain and decentralized applications
AI Deployment: Infrastructure for AI workloads with privacy preservation
IoT Backend: Infrastructure for Internet of Things systems
Remote Collaboration: Tools for distributed teams and organizations

Community & Ecosystem Growth

Open Source Community: Active development and contributions
Global Farmer Network: Thousands of infrastructure operators
Developer Adoption: Growing ecosystem of developers building on ThreeFold
Organic Growth: Network expanding as more participants join

Real-World Impact Examples

Underserved Regions: Extending internet access to areas lacking infrastructure
Remote Work: Enabling secure collaboration from anywhere
Data Sovereignty: Supporting organizations in meeting compliance requirements
Economic Development: Creating income opportunities through hosting
Digital Independence: Helping organizations reduce external dependencies

Future Roadmap Validation

Commercial Partnerships: Agreements with major telcos and integrators
Enterprise Adoption: Growing interest from large organizations
Government Interest: Multiple countries evaluating or implementing
Technology Evolution: Continuous improvements and new features (v4 roadmap)
Global Expansion: Plans for continued geographic expansion

The Significance

These real-world deployments demonstrate:

Technical Viability: Technology works at scale in production
Economic Viability: Business models support sustainable growth
Market Demand: Real organizations adopting and paying for services
Impact Potential: Affecting millions of users globally
Scalability Path: Clear trajectory from current state to planetary infrastructure

ThreeFold is not theoretical—it's operating infrastructure serving real users in real countries, demonstrating that decentralized, efficient, sustainable internet infrastructure is achievable today.